Gymnastic
Apparatus
Sports
equipment used in gymnastic exercises.
Gymnastics, Gymnastic
Exercise
- a sport that involves exercises intended to display strength and balance and
agility.
Artistic
Gymnastics
is usually divided into Men's and Women's Gymnastics. Men compete on six
events: Floor Exercise, Pommel Horse, Still Rings, Vault, Parallel Bars, and High
Bar, while women compete on four: Vault, Uneven Bars, Balance Beam, and Floor
Exercise.
Gymnastic
Apparatus:
Balance Beam, Beam - a gymnastic
apparatus used by women gymnasts.
High Bar, Horizontal Bar - gymnastic
apparatus consisting of a bar supported in a horizontal position by uprights at
both ends.
Gymnastic Horse,
Horse - a padded gymnastic
apparatus on legs.
Bars, Parallel Bars - gymnastic
apparatus consisting of two parallel wooden rods supported on uprights.
Rings - gymnastic
apparatus consisting of a pair of heavy metal circles (usually covered with
leather) suspended by ropes; used for gymnastic exercises; "the rings
require a strong upper body".
Sports
Equipment - equipment needed to participate in a particular sport.
(Including Vaulting Box).
Stall Bar - a gymnastic
apparatus used for strengthening exercises; uprights fastened to a wall and
connected by horizontal rungs.
Trampoline - gymnastic
apparatus consisting of a strong canvas sheet attached with springs to a metal
frame; used for tumbling.
Gymnastics Floor
Exercises
In
gymnastics,
the floor refers to a specially prepared exercise surface, which is
considered an apparatus. It is used by both male and female gymnasts.
The event in gymnastics performed on floor is called floor exercise. The
English abbreviation for the event in gymnastics scoring is FX.
A
spring floor is used in most competitive gymnastics to provide bounce.
Spring floors are also used sometimes in cheerleading.
The spring floor used for indoor athletics however, is designed to reduce
bounce.
The
apparatus originated as a 'free exercise' for men, very similar to the floor
exercise of today.It wasn't until 1948 that women were allowed to compete on
the floor.
Most
competitive gymnastics floors are spring floors. They contain springs and/or a rubber
foam and plywood
combination which make the floor bouncy, soften the impact of landings and
enable the gymnast to gain height when tumbling. Floors have clearly designated
perimeters—the "out of bounds" area is always indicated by a border
of white tape or a differently colored mat.
The
allowed time for a floor exercise is up to 70 seconds for males and up to 90
seconds for females.Unlike men, women always perform routines to music.
Aerobics
Dance and History
Aerobics is a form of physical exercise that
combines rhythmic aerobic exercise with stretching
and strength training routines
with the goal of improving all elements of fitness (flexibility, muscular
strength, and cardio-vascular fitness).
It is usually performed to music and may be practiced in a grou p setting led
by an instructor
(fitness professional),
although it can be done solo and without musical accompaniment. With the goal
of preventing illness and promoting physical fitness,
practitioners perform various routines comprising a number of different
dance-like exercises. Formal aerobics classes are divided into different levels
of intensity and complexity. A well-balanced aerobics class will have five
components: warm-up (5-10 minutes), cardio vascular conditioning (25-30
minutes), muscular strength and conditioning (10-15 minutes), cool-down (5-8
minutes) and stretching and flexibility (5-8 minutes).Aerobics classes may
allow participants to select their level of participation according to their
fitness level. Many gyms offer a variety of aerobic classes. Each class is
designed for a certain level of experience and taught by a certified instructor
with a specialty area related to their particular class.
Both
the term and the specific exercise method were developed by Dr. Kenneth Cooper, an
exercise physiologist, and Col. Pauline Potts, a physical therapist, both of
the United States Air Force.
Dr. Cooper, an avowed exercise enthusiast, was personally and professionally
puzzled about why some people with excellent muscular strength were still prone
to poor performance at tasks such as long-distance running, swimming, and
bicycling. He began measuring systematic human performance using a bicycle ergometer, and
began measuring sustained performance in terms of a person's ability to use
oxygen. In 1968, he published Aerobics, which included exercise programs
using running, walking, swimming and bicycling. The book came at a time when
increasing weakness and inactivity in the general population was causing a
perceived need for increased exercise.
Aerobics
gained world-wide popularity after the release of Jane Fonda's exercise
videos in 1982.
Choreographed
Dance
Choreography is the act of designing dance. Choreography
may also refer to the design itself, which is sometimes expressed by means of dance notation. A choreographer
is one who designs dances. Dance choreography
is sometimes called dance composition.
Aspects
of dance choreography include the compositional use of organic unity, rhythmic or
non-rhythmic articulation, theme and variation, and repetition. The
choreograhic process may employ improvisation
for the purpose of developing innovative movement ideas. In general,
choreography is used to design dances that are intended to be performed as concert dance.
The
art of choreography involves the specification of human movement and form in
terms of space, shape, time and energy, typically within an emotional or
non-literal context. Movement language is taken from the dance techniques of ballet,
contemporary dance, jazz dance, hip hop dance, folk dance, techno,
k pop,
religious dance, pedestrian movement, or combinations of these.
Locomotor
And Non-Locomotor
Locomotor
Movements
These
are movements where the body travels through space from one location to
another. Locomotor movements primarity use the feet for support however,
the body can travel on other parts such as the hands and feet.
Even
Rhythm
Walk - The walk is a transfer of weight from one foot to the other. Usually the heel touches first.
Run - The run is a transfer of weight from one foot to the other however, the body is propelled into the air and suspended between run steps.
Jump
- The jump required the body to push off from one or both feet. Most common is
a two foot take off and two foot landing. A jump can take off on one foot
and land on two or take off from two feet and land one one foot.
Hop - The hop requires a push-off from one foot and landing on the same foot.
Leap - A leap is performed by pushing off from one foot and landing on the other foot. The body is suspended in the and between the push off and the landing. Can be combined with a run or walk.
Hop - The hop requires a push-off from one foot and landing on the same foot.
Leap - A leap is performed by pushing off from one foot and landing on the other foot. The body is suspended in the and between the push off and the landing. Can be combined with a run or walk.
Uneven Rhythm
Skip - A combination of a step and a hop on the same foot followed by a step and hop on the other foot. The rhythm is uneven long -short. Long (the step) and short (the hop).
Gallop - A forward movement where one foot leads the gallop while the other foot follows. The lead foot steps with a bent knee and pushes off into the air and landing on the trailing foot. The rhythm is uneven, long -short. Long (the step) and short (the landing).
Slide - Is similar to a gallop performed with the right or left foot leading. The rhythm is uneven, long -short. Long (the step) and short (the landing).
Non
Locomotor
These
are movements that occur in the body parts or the whole body and do not cause
the body to travel to another space. However, non locomotor movements can
be combined with locomotor movements such as a walk and arm swing.
Swing - a pendular motion of a body part that can move forward and backward or side to side.
Twist - a partial rotation of body parts around an axis.
Turn - a full rotation of the body around a vertical or horizontal axis. Full, half or quarter turns
Shake
- a short quick vibrating movement in a body part or the whole body.
Bend
- a flex of a body part at a joint
Stretch
- extending a body part or the whole body
Wiggle
- a small or big, fast or slow curvy movement of a body part or the whole body.
Rock or sway -
shift of the body weight forward, bac kward, side to side or in a
circular pathway.